Nephrology and Hypertension

Renal Complications of Systemic Diseases

Nephrotic lupus: A multisystem, autoimmune connective tissue illness with a wide range of clinical manifestations is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The gender ratio of those affected is 9:1, and the majority of cases occur between the second and fifth decades of life. The intensity and signs of the disease vary greatly, and it is linked to significant morbidity and early death.

Congestive heart failure: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) accounts for 90% of the more than 1 million annual hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (CHF) . The economic burden of CHF in the United States continues to rise, with annual costs of more than 33.2 billion dollars [60]. Pre-existing or worsening renal failure is commonly associated with ADHF and in fact may precipitate decompensation . The frequent occurrence of combined cardiac and renal dysfunction in CHF, whereby one organ failure