Nephrology and Hypertension

Renal Physiology and Mechanisms of Kidney Function

Studying the physiology of the kidney is known as renal physiology (Latin: rns, "kidneys"). The maintenance of acid-base balance, fluid balance, sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes regulation, toxin removal, absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules, blood pressure control, production of various hormones, including erythropoietin, and vitamin D activation are all included in this.The nephron, the smallest functional unit of the kidney, is the unit of study for a large portion of renal physiology. Each nephron starts with a filtration unit that cleans the blood before it enters the kidney. The filtrate then moves along the length of the nephron, a tubular organ lined with a single layer of specialized cells and encircled by capillaries.