Nephrology and Hypertension

Renal Imaging and Diagnostic Techniques

The kidneys perform a variety of physiological tasks in addition to eliminating uremic poisons. They serve to maintain acid-base balance, balance electrolytes and water, create erythropoietin, and are essential for bone and mineral metabolism. Kidneys have various distinct anatomical and ultrastructural properties that enable them to perform these wide-ranging tasks. To detect the make-up of bodily fluids and react to physiologic changes, the various functions also need diverse specialized cells. Some molecules cannot travel via the glomerulus or through the renal tubules, while other molecules are transported into and out of the urine through the media of other cell types. The kidney can be harmed by a wide variety of genetic, hemodynamic, chemical, viral, and autoimmune insults because of its wide spectrum of activities.